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genus Timema Scudder, 1895

• Common name(s):  Timemas
• Images:
• Distribution:
  •  
   United States: Arizona, California, Nevada, Oregon; Mexico
• Ecology:
  • Terrestrial.
• Citations (48):
  • Scudder, S.H. 1895. Canadian Entomologist 27(2):30   >> Note: A nomen nudum - see Bradley and Galil 1977, but also see Vickery 1995, description of genus valid at that time [which included a mention, but not description of californicum] >> Timema    urn:lsid:Phasmida.speciesfile.org:TaxonName:9
  • Caudell. 1903. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 26:883   >> Note: Anisomorphinae >> Timema
  • Kirby, W.F. 1904. A synonymic catalogue of Orthoptera. 1. Orthoptera Euplexoptera, Cursoria et Gressoria. (Forficulidae, Hemimeridae, Blattidae, Mantidae, Phasmidae) 1:401   >> Note: Anisomorphinae >> Timema
  • Caudell. 1905. Proc. Entomol. Soc. Washington 7(2-3):86   >> Note: Warrants subfamily distinction; Kirby 1904 made no reference to Timeminae >> Timema
  • Redtenbacher. 1906. Die Insektenfamilie der Phasmiden 1:87   >> Note: Anisomorphini >> Timema
  • Caudell. 1913. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 44:613   >> Note: Taxonomic remarks 'I am compelled to consider myself as the author of Timema' >> Timema
  • Hebard. 1920. Ent. News 31(5):126   >> Timema
  • Hebard. 1937. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 63:347   >> Note: key >> Timema
  • Tinkham. 1942. Bull. S. Calif. Acad. Sci. 41(2):72   >> Note: key to males and females >> Timema
  • Bradley, J.C. & Galil. 1977. Proc. Entomol. Soc. Washington 79(2):196   >> Timema
  • Arnett. 1985. American insects: a handbook of the insects of America north of Mexico. First edition. 115 >> Note: six spp. in U.S.A. >> Timema
  • Vickery. 1993. Canadian Entomologist 125:659   >> Note: revision, identification tables >> Timema
  • Vickery & Sandoval. 1997. Canadian Entomologist 129:933   >> Note: Phasmatoptera: Timematodea: Timematidae >> Timema
  • Sellick. 1997. Systematic Entomology 22:115   >> Note: Key to eggs of genera [but figs often without reference to species] >> Timema
  • Sandoval, Carmean & Crespi. 1998. Proc. R. Soc. B. 265:589   >> Note: molecular analysis >> Timema
  • Bradler. 1999. Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg 215:53   >> Note: vomer morphology >> Timema
  • Sandoval & Crespi. 2000. J. evol. Biol. 13:249 >> Note: evolution; ecological speciation >> Timema
  • Bragg. 2001. Phasmids of Borneo 644   >> Note: type species data >> Timema
  • Law & Crespi. 2002. Evolution 56(8):1711-1717 >> Note: Ancient asexuality, phylogenetics >> Timema
  • Law & Crespi. 2002. Molecular Ecology 11(8):1471 >> Note: geographic parthenogenesis >> Timema
  • Brock. 2003. Rearing and studying stick and leaf insects. The Amateur Entomologist Volume 22 76   >> Note: rearing >> Timema
  • Zompro. 2004. Revision of the genera of the Areolatae, including the status of Timema and Agathemera (Insecta, Phasmatodea) 22, 322   >> Timema
  • Nosil. 2004. Proceedings of the Royal Society Biological Sciences B 271(1547):1521 >> Note: reproductive isolation >> Timema
  • Otte & Brock. 2005. Phasmida Species File. Catalog of Stick and Leaf Insects of the world 332   >> Timema
  • Arment [Ed.]. 2006. Stick Insects of the Continental United States and Canada: species and early studies 35   >> Timema
  • Wedmann, Bradler & Rust. 2007. PNAS 104(2):569   >> Timema
  • Sandoval & Crespi. 2008. Biol. Journ. Linnean Soc. 94(1):1 >> Note: cryptic colouration >> Timema
  • Schwander & Crespi. 2008. Evolution 63(1):83   >> Note: apomictic parthenogenesis >> Timema
  • Bradler. 2009. Die Phylogenie der Stab- und Gespentschrecken (Insecta: Phasmatodea). Vol 2.1 Species, Phylogeny and Evolution 2.1:88   >> Note: phylogeny >> Timema
  • Arbuthnott & Crespi. 2009. Animal Behaviour 78(1):53   >> Note: Courtship and mate discrimination >> Timema
  • Buckley, Attanayake & Bradler. 2009[2008]. Proc. R. Soc. B. 276:1058   >> Note: In Phylogenetic tree >> Timema
  • Arbuthnott, Elliot, McPeek & Crespi. 2010. J. evol. Biol. 23(7):1399 >> Note: diversification in courtship and genitalic characters >> Timema
  • Schwander, Vuilleumier, Dubman & Crespi. 2010. Proceedings of the Royal Society Biological Sciences 277:1435   >> Timema
  • Schwander, H. Lee & Crespi. 2011. Current Biology 21:1129   >> Note: Asexual reproduction >> Timema
  • Maderspacher. 2011. Current Biology 21(13):R496 >> Note: Asexuality >> Timema
  • Friedemann, Wipfler, Bradler & Beutel. 2012. Acta Zoologica 93:13   >> Note: taxonomy >> Timema
  • Schwander, Arbuthnott, R. Gries, G. Gries, Nosil & Crespi. 2013. BMC Evolutionary Biology 13(151):1   >> Note: Reproductive isolation >> Timema
  • Gottardo, Vallotto & Beutel. 2015. Arthropod Structure & Development 44(2):199   >> Note: Attachment pad >> Timema
  • Larose & Schwander. 2016. Ecol Evol. 6(15):5446   >> Note: endoparasitic nematodes found when collecting Timema >> Timema
  • Riesch, Muschick, Lindtke, Villoutreix, Comeault, Farkas, Lucek, Hellen, Soria-Carrasco, S.R. Dennis, Carvalho, Safran, Sandoval, Feder, R. Gries, Crespi, G. Gries, Gompert & Nosil. 2017. Nature Ecology & Evolution 1(0082):1   >> Note: phases of speciation, data from >100 populations of 11 species of Timema >> Timema
  • López-Mora & Llorente-Bousquets. 2018. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 89:48   >> Note: in checklist of species from Mexico >> Timema
  • Büscher, Buckley, Grohmann, Gorb & Bradler. 2018. Front. Ecol. Evol. 6:2   >> Timema
  • Bradler & Buckley. 2018. In Foottit & Adler [Ed.]. Insect Biodiversity: Science and Society. Volume 2 289   >> Note: Phylogeny >> Timema
  • Larose. 2018. Ecology and evolution of the sexual and asexual Timema stick insects [UNPUBLISHED THESIS] 22   >> Note: Ecology and evolution >> Timema
  • Büscher, Grohmann, Bradler & Gorb. 2019. Zoologica 164:6   >> Note: attachment structures >> Timema
  • Parker, D.J., Djordjevic & Schwander. 2019. Front. Ecol. Evol. 7(101):1   >> Note: Olfactory proteins >> Timema
  • Chaturvedi, Gompert, Feder, Osborne, Muschick, Soria-Carrasco & Nosil. 2022. Nature Ecology & Evolution doi.org/10.1038/s415:1   >> Note: Parallel adaptation >> Timema
  • Brock & Büscher. 2022. Stick and leaf-insects of the world, Phasmids 571   >> Note: Checklist of world species; Timema is expressly neuter in gender, some changings to endings of species - hence -ensis automatically becomes -ense (advice from Doug Yanega, 2018) >> Timema
• Type species:  Timema californica Scudder, S.H. (= californicum), by subsequent designation; authority:  Caudell. 1903. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 26:863-885, pl. 56-59
• The first family-group name based on this genus is Timeminae Caudell, 1903.

• species bartmani Vickery & Sandoval, 1997
• species boharti Tinkham, 1942
• species californicum Scudder, 1903
• species chumash Hebard, 1920
• species coffmani Sandoval & Vickery, 1998
• species cristinae Vickery, 1993
• species dorotheae Strohecker, 1966
• species douglasi Sandoval & Vickery, 1996
• species genevievae Rentz, 1978
• species knulli Strohecker, 1951
• species landelsense Vickery & Sandoval, 2001
• species monikense Vickery & Sandoval, 1998
• species morongense Vickery, 2001
• species nakipa Vickery, 1993
• species nevadense Strohecker, 1966
• species petita Vickery & Sandoval, 2001
• species podura Strohecker, 1936
• species poppense Vickery & Sandoval, 1999
• species ritense Hebard, 1937
• species shepardi Vickery & Sandoval, 1999
• species tahoe Vickery, 1993

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