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Taxa hierarchy  

family Phasmatidae Leach, 1815

• Nomenclatural details:   Justified emendation (Incorrect original spelling is Phasmidae)
• Distribution:
  •  Asia, Australasia, America, Pacific, Africa
• Ecology:
  • Terrestrial.
• Citations (47):
  • Leach. 1815. In Brewster, D. The Edinburgh Encyclopedia 9(1):119   >> Note: as Phasmida [Family of Orthoptera]. Leach's use of the family name, later amended to Phasmidae and then Phasmatidae by Gray in 1835, still leaves Leach as the original author i.e. the family-group name retains its authorship and date independently, if its ending is changed or not.
  • Gray, G.R. 1833. The Entomology of Australia, in a series of monographs. Part 1 containing the monograph of the genus Phasma  
  • Gray, G.R. 1835. Synopsis of the species of insects belonging to the family of Phasmidae 1-48  
  • Macleay, W.J. 1881. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 6(3):536  
  • Kirby, W.F. 1904. A synonymic catalogue of Orthoptera. 1. Orthoptera Euplexoptera, Cursoria et Gressoria. (Forficulidae, Hemimeridae, Blattidae, Mantidae, Phasmidae) 1:393  
  • Kirby, W.F. 1904. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7)13:372   >> Note: Note on classification with new subfamilies
  • Rehn, J.A.G. 1904. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 56:107   >> Note: Remarks on classification of Phasmidae
  • Shelford. 1909. Biologia Centrali-Americana Insecta Orthoptera 2:343-377   >> Note: Of Central America
  • Chopard. 1920. Recherches sur la conformation det le développement des derniers segments abdominaux chez le Orthoptères 160  
  • Karny. 1923. Treubia 3(2):235   >> Note: Nomenclature of Phasmidae
  • Günther. 1929. Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum, Berlin 14:615
  • Handlirsch. 1930. In Kükenthal & Krumbach [Ed.]. Handbuch der Zoologie, Vol. 4 759 >> Note: in Key to Phasmida
  • Cantrall. 1941. Compendium of entomological methods. Part II. Notes on collecting and preserving Orthoptera 1 >> Note: Collecting and preserving
  • Günther. 1953. Beiträge zur Entomologie, Berlin 3(5):546   >> Note: Phasmidae Karny 1923 (= Anareolatae Redtenbacher)
  • Key. 1960. Bull. Zool. Nomencl. 17(6-8):235-240   >> Note: (Correction of Phasmidae) Gray, 1835. Plea for addition to Official List of Family-Group Names in Zoology
  • Wright, C.W. 1962. Bull. Zool. Nomencl. 19:354   >> Note: vs Phasmidae
  • Kevan. 1963. Bull. Zool. Nomencl. 20(4):256   >> Note: Comment on Phasmatidae
  • China. 1964. Bull. Zool. Nomencl. 21(6):420-421   >> Note: Placed on Official List of Family-Group Names in Zoology. Opinion 716
  • Moxey. 1972. Harvard University [unpublished thesis] 44
  • Sellick. 1975. Entomologist’s Rec. J. Var. 87:105   >> Note: Key, to subfamilies
  • Parfitt. 1975. Chromosome number and egg surface morphology of some New Zealand Phasmatidae >> Note: Chromosome number and egg morphology, New Zealand fauna
  • Bradley, J.C. & Galil. 1977. Proc. Entomol. Soc. Washington 79(2):186   >> Note: Key, to subfamilies
  • Ahern & A.L. Yen. 1977. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 89:127   >> Note: sp. in Australia on Eucalytus
  • Piza. 1978. Miscelanea Inst. M. Lillo 64:31 >> Note: Key, to subfamilies
  • Parfitt. 1980. The cytology and feulgen-DNA microdensitometry of some New Zealand stick insect species (Phasmatodea: Phasmatidae)   >> Note: Cytology, New Zealand species [unpublished thesis]
  • Kevan. 1982. In Parker, S.F. [Ed.]. Synopsis and classification of living organisms 2:383
  • Arnett. 1985. American insects: a handbook of the insects of America north of Mexico. First edition. 115
  • Sellick. 1988. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 93:277   >> Note: Capitula of eggs
  • Rentz. 1996. Grasshopper country. The abundant orthopteroid insects of Australia. Orthoptera; grasshoppers, katydids, crickets. Blattodea; cockroaches. Mantodea; mantids. Phasmatodea; stick insects. 254  
  • Seow-Choen. 1997. A guide to the stick and leaf insects of Singapore 113  
  • Balderson, Rentz & Roach. 1998. In Houston & A. Wells [Ed.]. Zoological Catalog of Australia. Vol. 23. Archaeognatha, Zygentoma, Blattodea, Isoptera, Mantodea, Dermaptera, Phasmatodea, Embioptera, Zoraptera 376
  • Bragg. 2001. Phasmids of Borneo 365   >> Note: Key to subfamilies
  • Brock. 2003. In Gale Research Staff. Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia: Insects 221  
  • Otte & Brock. 2005. Phasmida Species File. Catalog of Stick and Leaf Insects of the world 31  
  • Hennemann & Conle. 2008. Zootaxa 1906:17   >> Note: = Lanceocercata of Bradler 2001
  • Bradler. 2009. Die Phylogenie der Stab- und Gespentschrecken (Insecta: Phasmatodea). Vol 2.1 Species, Phylogeny and Evolution 2.1:3   >> Note: The families Bacillidae, Heteronemiidae (= Diapheromeridae), Phasmatidae and Pseudophasmatidae...are polyphyletic
  • Seow-Choen. 2016. A taxonomic guide to the stick insects of Borneo 259   >> Note: Key to subfamilies in Borneo
  • Seow-Choen. 2017. A taxonomic guide to the stick insects of Borneo Volume II 127   >> Note: Key to subfamilies in Borneo
  • Seow-Choen. 2017. A taxonomic guide to the stick insects of Singapore 91   >> Note: key to subfamilies in Singapore
  • Seow-Choen. 2018. A taxonomic guide to the stick insects of Sumatra. Volume 1 397   >> Note: In Sumatra
  • Hennemann. 2020. Zootaxa 4896(2):151   >> Note: New subfamily Megacraniinae
  • Cliquennois. 2020. In Aberlenc [Ed.]. Les Insectes du Monde Biodiversité, classification, clés de détermination des familles 1:416, 418   >> Note: in superfamily Phasmatoidea
  • Seow-Choen. 2020. A taxonomic guide to the stick insects of Sumatra. Volume 2 243  
  • Hennemann. 2021. Zootaxa 5073(1):69  
  • Seow-Choen. 2021. A taxonomic guide to the stick insects of Peninsular Malaysia Volume 1 701  
  • Brock & Büscher. 2022. Stick and leaf-insects of the world, Phasmids 29  
  • Qian, Xie, Wen & Y. Wang. 2023. Zootaxa 5257(1):17  
• Type genus:  Phasma Lichtenstein, 1796; priority for family-group names based on Phasma dates from Phasmatidae Leach.  First use as Phasmatidae by Leach, 1815.

• synonym Lanceocercata
• synonym Phasmidae Leach, 1815
• subfamily Cladomorphinae Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1893
• synonym Cladomorphidae Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1893
• synonym Phibalosomini Redtenbacher, 1908
• synonym Philobasominae
• tribe Cladomorphini Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1893
• tribe Cladoxerini Karny, 1923
• tribe Cranidiini Günther, 1953
• tribe Haplopodini Günther, 1953
• tribe Hesperophasmatini Bradley & Galil, 1977
• tribe Pterinoxylini Hennemann, Conle & Perez-Gelabert, 2016
• tribe Teruelphasmini Yong, 2017
• subfamily Clitumninae Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1893
• synonym Clituminae Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1893
• tribe Clitumnini Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1893
• tribe Medaurini Hennemann & Conle, 2008
• tribe Pharnaciini Günther, 1953
• subfamily Extatosomatinae Sellick, 1997
• tribe Extatosomatini Sellick, 1997
• subfamily Megacraniinae Hennemann, 2020
• genus Acanthograeffea Günther, 1932
• genus Apterograeffea Cliquennois & Brock, 2002
• genus Davidrentzia Brock & Hasenpusch, 2007
• genus Erastus Redtenbacher, 1908
• genus Graeffea Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1868
• genus Megacrania Kaup, 1871
• genus Ophicrania Kaup, 1871
• genus Xenomaches Kirby, 1896
• subfamily Monandropterinae
• tribe Monandropterini Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1893
• subfamily Pachymorphinae Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1893
• synonym Pachymorphae Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1893
• tribe Hemipachymorphini Günther, 1953
• tribe Pachymorphini Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1893
• subfamily Phasmatinae Leach, 1815
• synonym Acrophyllini Redtenbacher, 1908
• synonym Phasminae Leach, 1815
• tribe Acanthomimini Günther, 1953
• tribe Acanthoxylini Bradley & Galil, 1977
• tribe Phasmatini Leach, 1815
• subfamily Platycraninae Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1893
• tribe Platycranini Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1893
• tribe Stephanacridini Günther, 1953
• subfamily Tropidoderinae Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1893
• synonym Tropidoderi Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1893
• tribe Gigantophasmatini Hennemann & Conle, 2008
• tribe Tropidoderini Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1893
• genus Didymuria Kirby, 1904
• subfamily Xeroderinae Günther, 1953
• tribe Xeroderini Günther, 1953
• tribe Achriopterini Günther, 1953
• genus Achrioptera Coquerel, 1861
• genus Glawiana Hennemann & Conle, 2004
• genus Monoiognosis Cliquennois & Brock, 2004
• species bipunctata Cliquennois & Brock, 2004
• species spinosa Cliquennois & Brock, 2004
• genus Spathomorpha Cliquennois, 2005
• species adefa Cliquennois, 2005
• species lancettifer (Brancsik, 1893)

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