Phasmida Species File (Version 5.0/5.0)
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order Phasmida
urn:lsid:Phasmida.speciesfile.org:TaxonName:1
Common name(s): stick insects, walking sticks, leaf insects
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Distribution:
Ecology:
Terrestrial.
Citations (227):
Leach. 1815. In Brewster, D. The Edinburgh Encyclopedia 9(1):119
>> Note: Phasmida; name for order has been variably recorded as Phasmida, Phasmatodea, Phasmatoptera, Cheleutoptera and others, depending on author’s preferences. Phasmida is the oldest and simplest name, widely used in the literature and close to the commonly used name of ‘phasmids’
Peletier de Saint Fargeau & Audinet-Serville. 1828. In Latreille, Peletier de Saint Fargeau, Audinet-Serville & Guérin-Méneville [Ed.]. Encyclopédie Méthodique, ou par ordre de matières par un société de gens de lettres, de savans et d´artistes. Histoire Naturelle 10:443
>> Note: Spectre
Gray, G.R. 1835. Synopsis of the species of insects belonging to the family of Phasmidae 1-48
Gray, G.R. 1837. Charlesworth's Magazine of natural history and journal of zoology, botany, mineralogy, geology and meteorology 1(1):144
>> Note: doubtful points in Gray's Synopsis 1835
Burmeister. 1838. Handbuch der Entomologie 2:553, 561
>> Note: Phasmodea
Audinet-Serville. 1838[1839]. Histoire naturelle des Insectes. Orthoptères 1-776, pls 1-14
>> Note: Phasmides
Westwood. 1839-1840. An introduction to the modern classification of insects, founded on the natural habits and corresponding organisation of the different families 1&2:1-462; 1-587
>> Note: Ambulatoria
Fischer. 1853. Orthoptera Europaea 1-454, pls 1-18
>> Note: Gressoria
Westwood. 1859. Catalogue of the orthopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part I. Phasmidae. 1-196, 48 pl.
Stål. 1875. Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar 32:4-105
Scudder, S.H. 1876. Psyche 1:137
>> Note: odoriferous glands
Scudder, S.H. 1883. Science 1(4):95
>> Note: Giant fossil phasmid
Scudder, S.H. 1890. The Tertiary insects of North America 219
>> Note: Description of Agathemera reclusa [fossil]
Handlirsch. 1903. S.B. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Nat. Kl. 1(112):716-738
>> Note: Phasmoidea
Handlirsch. 1903. Zool. Anz. 27:733
>> Note: Phasmoiden
Rehn, J.A.G. 1904. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 56:38-107
Kirby, W.F. 1904. A synonymic catalogue of Orthoptera. 1. Orthoptera Euplexoptera, Cursoria et Gressoria. (Forficulidae, Hemimeridae, Blattidae, Mantidae, Phasmidae) 1:317-423
Brunner von Wattenwyl & Redtenbacher. 1906-1908. Die Insektenfamilie der Phasmiden >> Note: in 3 parts: 1906, 1908 Redtenbacher; 1907: Brunner. Current monograph on phasmids, one of the main starting points for work on this order
Minakata. 1907. Nature 77(1991):173
>> Note: Early Chinese description of Leaf-Insects, 1703
Caudell. 1908. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 34:73
>> Note: Failed attempt at rearing horned sp. from Mexico
Shelford. 1909. Biologia Centrali-Americana Insecta Orthoptera 2:343
>> Note: Phasmidae
Grossbeck. 1912. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 31:355
>> Note: Type material in AMNH
Turner, C.L. 1916. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 9(2):117
>> Note: Breeding habits
Uvarov. 1922. Entomologist’s monthly Magazine 58:277
>> Note: nymphs at 16500 ft [=5029 m.]
Karny. 1923. Treubia 3(2):230-242
>> Note: Changes to Brunner and Redtenbacher [caution needed - misunderstanding of rules of nomenclature]
Caudell. 1927. Proc. Entomol. Soc. Washington 29(5):129
>> Note: In defence of Kirby's 1904 Catalogue
Handlirsch. 1930. In Kükenthal & Krumbach [Ed.]. Handbuch der Zoologie, Vol. 4 751 >> Note: Revised classification, with three Families
Taylor, J.S. 1931. Proc. R. Ent. Soc. Lond. 6(2):45
>> Note: Assembling; several males attracted to a captive female [in South Africa]
Barrett. 1941. Wild Life 1941 March:129 >> Note: observations in Australia, without scientific names
Kevan. 1955. Beiträge zur Entomologie, Berlin 5(5/6):472
>> Note: Phasmatodea
Ragge. 1955. Wing-venation of the Orthoptera Saltatoria with notes on Dictyopteran wing-venation 1 >> Note: Wing-venation
Ragge. 1955. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society, London 106(9):375
>> Note: Wing-venation
Beier. 1957. Bronn’s Klassen und Ordnungen des Tierreichs 5 3(6):305-454
>> Note: Phasmatidea, an order of the superorder Orthopteroidea
Orian. 1957. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 12 10(115):513
>> Note: in Mauritius
Cumber. 1961. New Zealand Entom. 2(6):1, pl.
>> Note: Eggs of New Zealand phasmid spp. from leaf mould samples [not identified to species level]
Martynova. 1962. In Rohdendorf. Oznovi Palaeontologii Clenistologie Trachejnie >> Note: Euphasmatodea
Ragge. 1965. Grasshoppers, crickets and cockroaches of the British Isles 36 >> Note: in UK
Willemse, F. 1966. Publ. Natuurh. Genoot. Limburg 16:21 >> Note: Bibliography of C. Willemse
Sharov. 1968. Trudy paleont. Inst. Akad. Nauk. USSR No. 118:156-157 >> Note: Chresmodidea; key to families
Beier. 1968. In Kükenthal. Handbuch der Zoologie. Eine Naturgeschichte des Stämme des Tierreiches Berlin 4 Hälfte 2, Teil 2(10):1-56 >> Note: Phasmatodea
Vinson. 1968. The Mauritius Institute Bulletin 6(3):106 >> Note: of Madagascar [as Orthoptera]
Askew. 1971. Parasitic Insects 165 >> Note: Ref to small group of chrysidids being endoparasites in phasmid eggs
Healy & Smithers. 1971. Australian insects in colour (Reeds colourbook series) 24 >> Note: Introduction to Australian phasmids
Wigglesworth. 1972. The Principles of Insect Physiology 7th Edition:735 >> Note: Parthenogenesis - universal in phasmids
Sellick. 1975. Entomologist’s Rec. J. Var. 87:104
>> Note: Translated from Beier 1968; Key, to families
Crotch & et al. 1975. Elevages des Phasmes 1 >> Note: Rearing [translation of 1970 book]
Sellick. 1976. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 59:365
>> Note: Capitulum of eggs
Kevan. 1977. Mem. Lyman ent. Mus. Res. Lab. No. 4 (sp. pub. 12):24 >> Note: Cheleutoptera; detailed list of citations, remarks on higher classification [very detailed, often omitted by researchers who have remarked on / changed higher classification]
Bedford. 1978. Annual Review of Entomology 23:125
>> Note: as Phasmatodea; biology and ecology (summary of literature)
Toledo & Herrera. 1978. Miscelànea 64:23 >> Note: Phasmatodea
Sellick. 1979. Systematic Entomology 4:225
>> Note: Illustrated key to eggs of 58 genera
Sellick. 1980. University of London, Unpublished thesis 18
>> Note: Eggs [invalid - unpublished thesis]
Medler. 1980. Insects of Nigeria: Check List and Bibliography 44 >> Note: In Nigeria
Birket-Smith. 1981. Ent. scand. 12:245 >> Note: Fossil wing
Passerin d´Entreves. 1981. Cataloghi. IV - Collezione Ortotterologiche del Museo di Zoologia de´ll Università di Torino 1-127
>> Note: in Museo di Zoologia de´ll Università di Torino collection; after Brunner & Redtenbacher, main page refs 31, 55-58 and material in alcohol, p. 90
Kevan. 1982. In Parker, S.F. [Ed.]. Synopsis and classification of living organisms 2:379 >> Note: Diagnostic synopsis of families; Phasmatoptera [in his copy to Brock, Kevan added 'I prefer Cheleutoptera']. Phasmatodea used as a suborder
Brock. 1982. PSG Newsletter 13:5 >> Note: Preserving phasmids
Carlberg. 1983. Spixiana 6(1):27
>> Note: Bibliography of Phasmida 1970-79
Carlberg. 1983. Biol. Zent.bl. 102:587 >> Note: Taxonomic importance of eggs
Brock. 1984. Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists' Society 43:140
>> Note: Introduction
Brock. 1984. PSG Newsletter 18:3 >> Note: Preserving phasmids
Brock. 1984. PSG Newsletter 21:3 >> Note: on television
Arnett. 1985. American insects: a handbook of the insects of America north of Mexico. First edition. 113 >> Note: as Phasmatodea
Carlberg. 1985. Beiträge zur Entomologie, Berlin 35(1):3
>> Note: Bibliography of Phasmida 1960-69
Carlberg. 1986. Beiträge zur Entomologie, Berlin 36(2):255
>> Note: Bibliography of Phasmida 1950-59
Carlberg. 1987. Beiträge zur Entomologie, Berlin 37(1):197
>> Note: Bibliography of Phasmida 1940-49
Carlberg. 1987. Spixiana 10(2):147
>> Note: Bibliography of Phasmida 1980-84
Carlberg. 1987. Zool. Jb. Anat. 115:77 >> Note: Ovary anatomy
Carlberg. 1987. Zool. Anz. 218(5/6):369 >> Note: Chemical defence in Phasmida vs Mantodea
Zborowski. 1987. Journey 9(2):1987 >> Note: Camouflage; in Borneo's rainforests; photos of several unnamed species
Baccetti [Ed.]. 1988[1987]. Evolutionary Biology of Orthopteroid Insects 87 >> Note: Taxonomic position
Sellick. 1988. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 93:273
>> Note: Further studies on capitula of eggs
Marshall, J.A. & Haes. 1988. Grasshoppers and allied insects of Great Britain and Ireland 140
>> Note: in Britain
Carlberg. 1988. Beiträge zur Entomologie, Berlin 38(1):277
>> Note: Bibliography of Phasmida 1930-39
Carlberg. 1988[1987]. In Baccetti [Ed.]. Evolutionary Biology of Orthopteroid Insects 174 >> Note: Ovarian diversity
Kevan. 1989. PSG Newsletter 38:5
>> Note: Notes on ordinal name
Bragg. 1989. Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists' Society 48:160 >> Note: Basic cage
Herwaarden. 1989. PSG Newsletter 41:15 >> Note: in Khao Yai NP, Thailand
Herwaarden. 1989. PSG Newsletter 40:5, figs >> Note: in Doi Khun Tan National Park, Thailand
Chen, S.C. & Y.H. He. 1989. Entomology Knowledge (Kunchong Zhishi) 26(3):164 >> Note: Eggs of phasmids in China - essentially sketches of eggs from Clark (Sellick) of genera, including Lonchodes
Bragg. 1990. Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists' Society 49:271 >> Note: Collecting and preserving
O'Toole. 1990. Insects and spiders. Encyclopedia of the Animal World 34-37, figs >> Note: Also referred to as 'Phasmatoidea'. Introduction to the order
Brock. 1990. PSG Newsletter 45:17 >> Note: Preserving
Key. 1991. In Naumann & et al. The Insects of Australia. A textbook for students and research workers.Vol. 1, 2nd Edition 394-404 >> Note: Phasmatodea; Classification
Zborowski. 1991. Animals in disguise. A journey into nature's deceptions 51,63-69,96-97,114-115 >> Note: Various images of phasmid camouflage in Australia and Borneo [species unnamed]
Marshall, J.A. 1991. PSG Newsletter 46:4 >> Note: Classification
Kneubühler. 1991. PSG Newsletter 47:5 >> Note: spp. in Cameron Highlands, Malaysia, in May 1990
Kwon, Y.J., Ha & C.E. Lee. 1992. Nature and Life 22(2):43-58 >> Note: Key to species; South Korea
Hirashima & et al. 1992. Kawashima Shoten 1-597 >> Note: Key to superfamilies
Brock. 1992. Rearing and studying stick and leaf insects. The Amateur Entomologist Volume 22 1-73
>> Note: Phasmida, taxonomy; historical account
Bragg. 1992. Sarawak Museum Journal 43(64):295-319
>> Note: Phasmida, Sarawak, Bako National Park Systematics
Bragg. 1992. Phasmid Studies 1(2):38-46
>> Note: Notes on generic checklist and database [Brock - incomplete, technology such that few researchers could even open it]
Sellick. 1992. Phasmid Studies 1(1):8
>> Note: Egg structure
Bragg. 1992. Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists' Society 51(19-20):19 >> Note: as spider prey
Bragg. 1992. SSR 73(264):49 >> Note: Use in schools
Alderton. 1992. A Step-by-Step book about Stick Insects 1 >> Note: Basic rearer's book
Bragg. 1993. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 41(1):31-46
>> Note: Borneo
Bi. 1993. China Forestry Publishing House, Beijing, China 35-40 >> Note: Of Fujian, China
Brock. 1993. Phasmid Studies 2(1):17-24
>> Note: Type material, Natural History Museum, London
Brock. 1993. Phasmid Studies 2(1):1
>> Note: Books
Bragg. 1993. The Entomologist 112(1):37
>> Note: Parasites
Unno. 1993. Camouflage and Mimicry of Insects 1 >> Note: Camouflage and Mimicry; numerous photos
Gorochov. 1994. Palaeontological Journal 28(4):64-75 >> Note: Palaearctic; Permian/ Triassic; systematics and phylogeny; Phasmoptera (Type genus: Phasma) (fossil spp.)
Brock & Shlagman. 1994. Israel Journal of Entomology 28:101-117
>> Note: Israel; systematics, biology; as Phasmatodea
Seow-Choen, Pin, Brock & Seow-En. 1994. Malayan Nat. Jour. 47:393 >> Note: Foodplants of Singapore spp.
Seow-Choen, Brock & Seow-En. 1994. Malaysian Naturalist 48(1):7
>> Note: Phasmida of Singapore
Sellick. 1994. Palaeontology 37(4):913
>> Note: Fossil eggs
Cranbrook & D.S. Edwards. 1994. Belalong, A Tropical Rainforest. 239, figs >> Note: of Belalong, Brunei [a few illustrations, possibly by P.E. Bragg]
Carlberg. 1994. Spixiana 17(2):179
>> Note: Bibliography of Phasmida 1985-1989
Carlberg. 1994. Beiträge zur Entomologie, Berlin 44(1):243
>> Note: Bibliography of Phasmida Supplement 1930-1984
Kerzhner. 1994. Bull. Zool. Nomencl. 51(2):108
>> Note: proposed suppression, with conservation of some Lichtenstein (1796) names (Insecta and Arachnida)
Bragg. 1995. The Phasmid Database: version 1.5
>> Note: Catalog; type species of genera [unpublished partial work in paper form; DOS system - several copies circulated on disk]
Brock. 1995. Malayan Nat. Jour. 49(2):83-102
>> Note: Phasmida, catalog of Malyasian species
Bragg. 1995[1994]. Phasmid Studies 3(2):28
>> Note: Genera type species list
Bragg. 1995. Phasmid Studies 4(1):1
>> Note: in Western Australian Museum
Brock & Lowe. 1995. Phasmid Studies 4(1):2
>> Note: Collecting techniques
Brock. 1995. Insect World International 1(1):25 >> Note: Introduction
Anonymous. 1995. Bull. Zool. Nomencl. 52(3):283
>> Note: suppressed, with conservation of some Lichtenstein (1796) names (Insecta and Arachnida)
Sanjayan, Muralirangan, Suresh, Suresh Chand & S. Albert. 1995. The Entomologist 114(3-4):179 >> Note: Reference to 7 species of phasmids and 221 individuals
Rentz. 1996. Grasshopper country. The abundant orthopteroid insects of Australia. Orthoptera; grasshoppers, katydids, crickets. Blattodea; cockroaches. Mantodea; mantids. Phasmatodea; stick insects. 5, 245
>> Note: Phasmatodea, various sections, taxonomy as in Key, based on two families (Phylliidae, Phasmatidae)
Brock. 1996. Insect World International 1(4):14 >> Note: Collecting technique, near bush-fire
Ren, D. 1997. Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica 22(3):268 >> Note: Phasmatodea; new fossil family Hagiphasmatidae
Sellick. 1997. Ital. J. Zool. 64(1):97
>> Note: Phasmatodea; range of egg capsule morphology
Bragg. 1997. Phasmid Studies 6(1):24
>> Note: glossary of terms
Sellick. 1997. Systematic Entomology 22:97
>> Note: Egg capsule terminology; key to 131 genera [mostly figs without reference to species]
Eiland. 1997. Phasmid Studies 6(1):13
>> Note: Ancient carving from Ancient China 4th-3rd century BC
Alderton. 1997. Your first stick insect 1 >> Note: Basic rearer's book
Wallin. 1997. Catalogue of type specimens. 4. Linnaean specimens 27 >> Note: Linnaean type specimens
Wallin. 1997. Catalogue of type specimens. 1. C.P. Thunberg (1743-1828), Insecta 78 >> Note: Thunberg's specimens
Franqui, Santiago-Blay, Medina Gaud & Abreu. 1997. Florida Entomologist 80(4):491
>> Note: 144 specimens in collection of the Agricultural Experiment Station, University of Puerto Rico
Balderson, Rentz & Roach. 1998. In Houston & A. Wells [Ed.]. Zoological Catalog of Australia. Vol. 23. Archaeognatha, Zygentoma, Blattodea, Isoptera, Mantodea, Dermaptera, Phasmatodea, Embioptera, Zoraptera 347 >> Note: Phasmatodea
Herwaarden. 1998. Science in New Guinea 24(2):59
>> Note: key to Families, subfamilies, tribes and genera; list of species from New Guinea
Langlois & Lelong. 1998[1997]. Phasmatodea de Guadeloupe 10
>> Note: Phasmatodea of Guadeloupe; list of phasmids from West Indies
Brock. 1999. Amateur Entomologist 26:1-165; 40 pp color plates
>> Note: Phasmida, detailed classification sections, information on museum collections
Bradler. 1999. Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg 215:46
>> Note: Euphasmatodea
Seow-Choen. 1999. In Briffett & Chew [Ed.]. State of the natural environment in Singapore 73
>> Note: Checklist of phasmids in Singapore
Okada. 1999. Nanafushi-No-Subete (All About Japanese Stick-Insects) 1 >> Note: Japanese species [in Japanese]
Brock. 1999. Phasmid Studies 7(2):37
>> Note: in Prague collection
Cliquennois. 1999. Phasmid Studies 7(2):41
>> Note: in Bangladesh
Brock. 1999. Metaleptea 19(2):8
>> Note: Preservation
Brock. 1999. PSG Newsletter 79:5 >> Note: Books
Marshall, J.A. 1999. In Barnard [Ed.]. Identifying British Insects and Arachnids 36 >> Note: Introduction to order, with mention of British species and references
Harman. 2000[1999]. Phasmid Studies 8(1&2):13
>> Note: in Oceania [update to Nakata 1961]
Langlois, Lelong, Rastel, Polidori & Dorel. 2000. Phasmatodea de Martinique 10
>> Note: Phasmatodea of Martinique; list of species from West Indies
Brock. 2000. Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists' Society 59:210
>> Note: In-print books
Brock. 2000. PSG Newsletter 83:9 >> Note: Postcards
Carbonell. 2000. Metaleptea 20(1):5
>> Note: Broken ivory ruler Brunner's types; measurements suspect
Bragg. 2001. Phasmids of Borneo 1
>> Note: Phasmida, New family introduced
Tilgner. 2001. Insect Systematics and Evolution 31:473-480
>> Note: Fossil record of Phasmida
Zompro. 2001. Phasmid Studies 10(2):41
>> Note: in Baltic amber
Brock. 2001. PSG Newsletter(87):8 >> Note: Phasmids on Book Covers
Fontana, Buzzetti, Cogo & Ode. 2002. Guida al riconoscimento e allo studio di cavallette, grilli, mantidi e insetti affini del Veneto: Blattaria, Mantodea, Isoptera, Orthoptera, Phasmatodea, Dermaptera, Embidiina [Handbook to the grasshoppers and allied insects of the Veneto region: Blattaria, Mantodea, Isoptera, Orthoptera, Phasmatodea, Dermaptera, Embiidina] 46, 202 >> Note: key to species, Italy
Bellanger. 2002. Le Bulletin de Phyllie 13:22 >> Note: Phasmatodea; of Guadeloupe
Bradler & C. Seiler. 2002. DRACO 3(1):27 >> Note: Phasmatodea
Tilgner. 2002. Systematics of Phasmida [unpublished thesis] 1
>> Note: Phasmida cladistic analysis
Anonymous. 2002. Stick Insects L227 1 >> Note: Rearing in schools
Brock. 2002. PSG Newsletter(93):22 >> Note: Phasmid Collectables
Chung, A.Y.C., Khen, Unchi & Binti. 2002. Malayan Nat. Jour. 56(2):137 >> Note: Eaten as food
McMonigle & Clausen. 2002. Ghosts of the trees: walkingsticks and leaf-insects 1 >> Note: Basic rearer's guide
Alderton. 2002. How to Care for your Stick Insect 1 >> Note: Rearing; illustrated by the author, Nick Baker, Paul Brock and Russell Willis
Brock. 2003. In Gale Research Staff. Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia: Insects 221
>> Note: Phasmida, comprehensive coverage in encyclopedia
Brock. 2003. Rearing and studying stick and leaf insects. The Amateur Entomologist Volume 22 1
>> Note: Phasmida
Bradler, M.F. Whiting & Klug. 2003. Entomologische Abhandlungen Dresden 61(2):132
>> Note: Phasmatodea phylogeny; evolution of wings
Whiting, M.F., Bradler & Maxwell. 2003. Nature 421(6920):264
>> Note: Phasmatodea; loss and recovery of wings
Lelong, Rastel, Langlois & Dorel. 2003. Phasmatodea of Dominica 1
>> Note: as Phasmatodea; in Dominica
Whiting, M.F. & A.S. Whiting. 2004. Systematic Entomology 29(2):140
>> Note: Phasmatodea; wing recurrence, response to Trueman et al, 2004
Trueman, Pfeil, Kelchner & K. Yeates. 2004. Systematic Entomology 29(2):138 >> Note: Phasmatodea; comment on Whiting et al, phasmids regaining wings
Nel, Azar, Martinez-Declos & Makhoul. 2004. European Journal of Entomology 101(1):145 >> Note: fossils
Frydrychova, Grossmann, Trubac, Vitkova & Marec. 2004. Genome 47(1):163 >> Note: TTAGG telometric repeats
Boeseman & Ligny. 2004. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden 349:1
>> Note: Houttuyn considered the author of Stoll 1813, having allocated new names for taxa
Grimaldi & Engel. 2005. Evolution of the Insects 211-215
>> Note: As Phasmatodea
Otte & Brock. 2005. Phasmida Species File. Catalog of Stick and Leaf Insects of the world 13, 27
>> Note: Phasmida: list of taxa above genus level
Zompro. 2005. Mitteilungen des Geologisch-Paläontologischen Institutes der Universität Hamburg 89:85
>> Note: Phasmatodea (comments on phylogeny)
Pull. 2005. PSG Newsletter 102:10 >> Note: breathing
Brock. 2005. Jour. of Orthoptera Res. 13(2):247 >> Note: Review of Zompro 2004
Lee, M. 2006. In Atkinson, Bennallick, Holyoak, Lord & McCartney [Ed.]. A handbook for biological recorders: a manual for recording plants, animals and their habitats in Cornwall and the Isles of Scilly, Second Edition 1 >> Note: recording Phasmida in Cornwall and Isles of Scilly
Brock. 2006. PSG Newsletter 105:8 >> Note: Books
Brock. 2006. PSG Newsletter 107:13, figs >> Note: Database of Phasmida in The Natural History Museum, Vienna' examples of labels and Register
Brock & Hasenpusch. 2007. Studies on the Australian stick insects (Phasmida), including a checklist of species and bibliography 1570:1
>> Note: on Australian Phasmida
Evenhuis. 2007. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers 91:17
>> Note: Catalog of the Godeffroy Museum in Hamburg; listings of Fijian Phasmida
Bragg. 2007. Phasmid Studies 15(1&2):1
>> Note: Biography Henry Walter Bates
Bragg. 2007. Phasmid Studies 15(1&2):5
>> Note: Biography George Robert Gray
Bragg. 2007. Phasmid Studies 16(1):1
>> Note: Biography Hermann Burmeister
Bragg. 2007. Phasmid Studies 16(1):5
>> Note: Biography William Forsell Kirby
Bragg & Zompro. 2007. Phasmid Studies 16(2):25
>> Note: Biography Klaus Günther
Bragg. 2007. Phasmid Studies 16(2):19
>> Note: Biography of Carl Linnaeus
Brock & Delfosse. 2007[2006]. Le Bulletin d'Arthropoda 29(3):31 >> Note: Types from Pantel's collection in Paris coll.
Evans. 2007. National Wildlife Federation field guide to insects and spiders of North America 104
>> Note: of North America
Brock. 2008. In Bisby, Roskov, Orrell, Nicholson, Paglinawan, Bailly, Kirk, Bourgoin & Hertum [Ed.]. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2008 Annual Checklist CD-ROM
>> Note: Checklist of species in catalogue [annual]
Bragg. 2008. Phasmid Studies 17(1):1
>> Note: Biography James Wood-Mason
Bragg. 2008. Phasmid Studies 17(1):8
>> Note: Biography Robert Walter Campbell Shelford
Baker, E. W. 2008[2007]. PSG Newsletter 112:7 >> Note: Using the Phasmida Species File
Brock & Hasenpusch. 2009. The Complete Field Guide to Stick and Leaf Insects of Australia 1
>> Note: field guide to Australian Phasmida, with section on classification
Scoble & Mendel. 2009. Antenna 33(1):26 >> Note: note on major Phasmida collections in NHM, London
Bragg. 2009. Phasmid Studies 17(2):51
>> Note: Biography Morgan Hebard
Mann & Z. Simmons. 2009. Antenna 33(1):34 >> Note: The Hope Entomological Collections, Oxford
Mandal & Yadav. 2010. Records of the Zoological Survey of India Occasional Paper 318:1
>> Note: Indian phasmids
Brock & J.A. Marshall. 2011. In Zhang, Z.-Q. [Ed.]. Animal biodiversity: An outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness 3148:198
>> Note: Taxonomic summary of higher level classification with numbers of species in each Family; rationale for Phasmida vs Phasmatodea and other names used for the order
Kômoto, Yukuhiro, Ueda & Tomita. 2011. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 58(1):43
>> Note: analyses do not support the monophyly of Areolatae or Anareolatae
Nel & Delfosse. 2011. Acta Palaeontol. Pol. 56(2):429 >> Note: New Chinese Mesozoic phasmid
Merz, J. Hollier & Schwendinger. 2011. Antenna 35(4):163 >> Note: Geneva coll., notes on Saussure et al
Feulner. 2012. Tribulus 20:77
>> Note: in Eastern Arabia
Ho, G.W.C. 2013. Stick Insects of Hong Kong 1
>> Note: of Hong Kong
Hollier, A. & J. Hollier. 2013. Archives of natural history 40(2):302
>> Note: re-evaluation of Saussure's importance
Brock. 2014. A comprehensive guide to insects of Britain & Ireland 34
>> Note: in Britain & Ireland
Velonà, Brock, Hasenpusch & B. Mantovani. 2015. Zootaxa 3957(4):455
>> Note: DNA barcoding in Australian species
Baker, E. W. 2015. Agric & Food Secur 4(22):1
>> Note: pest species
Seow-Choen. 2016. A taxonomic guide to the stick insects of Borneo 1
>> Note: of Borneo
Brock, J.A. Marshall, Beccaloni & Harman. 2016. Zootaxa 4179(2):151
>> Note: types in Natural History Museum, London; history
Baker, E. W. 2016. Biodiversity Data Journal 4(e7441):1
>> Note: online database of phasmid egg-parasitising wasps (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae)
Seow-Choen. 2017. A taxonomic guide to the stick insects of Borneo Volume II 1
>> Note: of Borneo
Seow-Choen. 2017. A taxonomic guide to the stick insects of Singapore 1
>> Note: of Singapore
Brock. 2017. PSG Newsletter 139:12 >> Note: Review of Seow-Choen's Borneo II book (2017)
Brock. 2017. PSG Newsletter 139:13 >> Note: review of Seow-Choen's book on phasmids of Singapore (2017)
Lu, Brock, Ivie & O'Reilly. 2018. Phasmid Studies 19:24
>> Note: Ecology and Diversity of phasmids from Virgin Islands
Baker, E. W. 2018. Phasmid Studies 19:16
>> Note: Phasmid collection and bibliography of J. T. C. Sellick [Note: not all refs included, see PSF list for complete list]
Harman. 2018. PSG Newsletter 140:29 >> Note: Notes on Westwood
Seow-Choen. 2018. A taxonomic guide to the stick insects of Sumatra. Volume 1 1
>> Note: of Sumatra
Büscher, Grohmann, Bradler & Gorb. 2019. Zoologica 164:1-94
>> Note: comparative study on attachment structures
Legros, Rochat, Reynaud & Strasberg. 2019. J. Insect Conserv. DOI 10.1007/s10841-0:1
>> Note: overview of fauna of Réunion Island
Miskelly & Paiero. 2019. ZooKeys 819:264
>> Note: of Canada [confirmed, 1 species]
Seow-Choen. 2019. A taxonomic guide to the stick insects of Borneo Vol. 3
>> Note: Checklist Borneo
Seow-Choen. 2020. A taxonomic guide to the stick insects of Sumatra. Volume 2 1
>> Note: of Sumatra
Rafael, Limeira-de-Oliveira, R. Hutchings & et al. 2020. 64(3):22-26 >> Note: Specimen record on Fernando de Notonha archipelago, brazil
Brock. 2021. Britain's Insects: A Field Guide to the Insects of Great Britain and Ireland 117-124
Seow-Choen. 2021. A taxonomic guide to the stick insects of Peninsular Malaysia Volume 1 8
>> Note: of Peninsular Malaysia
Brock & Büscher. 2022. Stick and leaf-insects of the world, Phasmids 1
>> Note: Checklist of world species, anatomy, species sections
Scrutiny:
Brock, 2009, Phylogenetic research is leading to various proposals for restructuring the order. See Bradler 2009, which has some interesting suggestions for future researchers to consider - but is not comprehensive enough to warrant changes to conventional taxonomy in PSF, at this stage. Note added 2018: some changes now made as, at last, formal proposals made [Robertson et al, 2018] ditto Cliquennois 2020 although much still needs to be settled and the author accepts that several changes are not yet suitable in this database
Brock, 2021, See notes under Euphasmatodea
synonym
Cheleutoptera
synonym
Phasmatodea
synonym
Phasmatoptera
synonym
Anareolatae
synonym
Areolatae
nomen dubium
Agathemerodea
suborder
Euphasmatodea
synonym
Verophasmatodea
superfamily
Aschiphasmatoidea
Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1893
superfamily
Bacilloidea
Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1893
superfamily
Phyllioidea
Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1893
superfamily
Pseudophasmatoidea
Rehn, 1904
family
Diapheromeridae
Kirby, 1904
family
Lonchodidae
Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1893
family
Phasmatidae
Leach, 1815
suborder
Timematodea
family
Timematidae
Caudell, 1903
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