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Taxa hierarchy  

subfamily Heteronemiinae Rehn, 1904

• Distribution:
  •  America, Madagascar
• Ecology:
  • Terrestrial.
• Citations (13):
  • Rehn, J.A.G. 1904. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 56:47  
  • Hebard. 1919. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 45:158   >> Note: as Heteroneminae [sic]
  • Hebard. 1924. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 76:142   >> Note: as Heteroneminae [sic]
  • Hebard. 1932. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 58:215   >> Note: Criticism of Brunner's treatment
  • Günther. 1953. Beiträge zur Entomologie, Berlin 3(5):548, 561   >> Note: Heteronemiinae Hebard 1919 (= Bacunculini Brunner)
  • Moxey. 1972. Harvard University [unpublished thesis] 160
  • Bradley, J.C. & Galil. 1977. Proc. Entomol. Soc. Washington 79(2):178  
  • Kevan. 1982. In Parker, S.F. [Ed.]. Synopsis and classification of living organisms 2:382
  • Arnett. 1985. American insects: a handbook of the insects of America north of Mexico. First edition. 114
  • Seow-Choen. 1997. A guide to the stick and leaf insects of Singapore 67  
  • Sellick. 1998. Systematic Entomology 23:213   >> Note: Micropylar plate
  • Brock. 1999. Stick and Leaf Insects of Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore 168  
  • Bradler & Buckley. 2018. In Foottit & Adler [Ed.]. Insect Biodiversity: Science and Society. Volume 2 290   >> Note: Phylogeny
• Type genus:  Heteronemia Gray, G.R., 1835; priority for family-group names based on Heteronemia dates from Heteronemiidae Rehn, J.A.G., 1904.  First use as Heteronemiinae by Rehn, J.A.G., 1904.

• tribe Heteronemiini Rehn, 1904
• genus Heteronemia Gray, 1835
• genus Minteronemia Zompro, 2004
• genus Paraxeropsis Camousseight, 2008
• genus Spinonemia Zompro, 2004
• genus Splendidonemia Zompro, 2004
• genus Xeropsis Redtenbacher, 1906
• tribe Paraleptyniini Zompro, 2004
• genus Parabacillus Caudell, 1903
• genus Paraleptynia Caudell, 1904
• genus Tersomia Kirby, 1904
• genus Xiphophasma Rehn, 1913
• tribe Pygirhynchini Redtenbacher, 1906
• synonym Canuleiini Zompro, 2004
• genus Canuleius Stål, 1875
• genus Ceroys Audinet-Serville, 1838
• genus Paraceroys Conle, Hennemann & Gutiérrez, 2011
• genus Pygirhynchus Audinet-Serville, 1838

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